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Agricultural sciences 
 
Non-University Higher Education (Fachhochschulen and Gesamthochschulen) 

 The Fachhochschulen are supposed to give students a practical training and prepare them for work in the professional field, while remaining within the scientific programme set out for higher education establishments. As far as the agricultural training is concerned, the study programmes of the Gesamthochschulen correspond to those in the Fachhochschulen with respect to the structure of courses and the final degree. 

Admission Requirements 

    - Fachhochschulreife (higher technical education qualification) (special higher education exam) 
    or 
    - Fachabitur (specialised university entrance qualification) from a specialised secondary technical school, 
    or 
    - Abitur (general higher education exam) from a general secondary school 
    and 
    - professional training and experience, the extent being different for the various institutions.

Length and Structure of Courses 
 Study programmes at the Fachhochschule usually take six semesters (i.e. three years). In some states eight or nine semesters are required, the extra semesters being mostly used for practical training. 

 In the first two semesters mainly the basic subjects are taught, the next two semesters concentrate on the main subjects and fields, whereas in the last two semesters intensification, specialisation and the choice of optional courses are possible. While this structure is quite general, the length of each period may differ between institutions. 

 The first two or three terms with the basic courses are usually concluded with the Vordiplom examination. The last examination the Diplomprüfung, may be divided into two phases, one after the second year and one after the third year. 

Practical Training 
 Usually one year of practical training is required. But the practical training may be a prerequisite or may be included in the study programme as a year of practical courses. Regulations differ between institutions. 

Contributory Research Work  
 The students have to write a thesis (Diplomarbeit) within 3 months based on own practical and theoretical work. 

European Dimension  
 The students have the possibility to learn foreign languages in optional courses. In general, the Fachhochschulen maintain good relations to institutions of higher education in other EU-countries, some even to institutions outside of Europe. Through these links, the students who have learned a foreign language can spend study or practical periods abroad. 

Grade / Title of Diploma / Degree  
 Upon successful completion of examinations the candidates earn both a certificate and a diploma conferring the degree of Diplom-Agraringenieur (Dipl.-Ing. agr.). In a number of states the letters FH must be added, indicating that the degree was conferred by a Fachhochschule. 

Further Study  
 Fachhochschulen cannot grant Doctor (Ph.D.) degrees. But due to recent legislation selected graduates may enroll in a Doctor programme at a university under the supervision of their advisor at the Fachhochschule. 

 As a general rule, graduates of a Fachhochschule receive the University entrance qualification (Hochschulreife). If they change over to a university, at least credits for a substantial number of courses can be transferred. 

 Most Fachhochschulen offer additional courses for continuation and specialisation of studies in specific fields like ecology and environmental protection. 

Employment Market  
 Since there are so many unpredictable factors involved in the course of getting a professional position it is very difficult to generalise on the success of graduates. The professional federation Bundesverband der Agraringenieure (Federation of Agricultural Engineers) regularly publishes analyses of the labour market in its journal. In the agricultural sector, an agricultural engineer (FH) will usually get tasks of practical, technical, organisational, consultative or administrative nature. He or she may be owner, tenant or administrator of a farming business, or an agricultural extension man in areas such as plant protection, animal husbandry and nutrition or soil improvement. There are also a number of positions in federations, commercial organisations, insurance and banking business, in industry, in research and teaching institutions and in many other areas. 

Addresses of Fachhochschulen and Gesamthochschulen  

    Fachhochschule Anhalt Abt. Bernburg  
    Fachbereich Landwirtschaft/Ökotrophologie/Landespflege 
    Strenzfelder Allee 28 
    06406 Bernburg 
    Tel.: 0347/430  Fax: 0347/23847 

    Fachhochschule Neubrandenburg  
    Fachbereich Agrarwirtschaft und Landespflege 
    Brodaer Str. 2 
    17033 Neubrandenburg 
    Tel.: 0395/4513 218  Fax: 0395/4513 212 

    Fachhochschule Nürtingen  
    Fachrichtung Landwirtschaft 
    Neckarsteige 6 - 10; Postfach 1349 
    72622 Nürtingen 
    Tel.: 07022 / 404 165  Fax: 07022 / 404 166 

    Fachhochschule Kiel  
    Fachbereich Landbau Rendsburg 
    Am Kamp 11 
    24783 Osterrönfeld 
    Tel.: 04331 / 811617  Fax: 04331 / 87407 

    Fachhochschule Osnabrück  
    Fachbereich Landwirtschaft 
    Am Krümpel 31 
    49090 Osnabrück 
    Tel.: 0541 / 9695161  Fax: 0541 / 9695050 

    Fachhochschule des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz  
    Fachbereich Agrarwirtschaft 
    Berliner Str. 109 
    55411 Bingen 
    Tel.: 06721/ 7050  Fax: 06721 / 409 188 

    Fachhochschule Weihenstephan  
    Fachbereich Landwirtschaft I 
    85350 Freising 
    Tel.: 08161 / 710  Fax: nein 

    Fachhochschule Weihenstephan  
    Abteilung Triesdorf 
    Fachbereich Landwirtschaft und Umweltsicherung 
    91746 Weidenbach 
    Tel.: 09826 / 18221  Fax: 09826 / 18245 

    Universität - Gesamthochschule Kassel  
    FB 11 Landwirtschaft, Internationale Agrarentwicklung und ökologische Umweltsicherung 
    Nordbahnhofstr. 1A 
    37213 Witzenhausen 
    Tel: 05542 / 980  Fax: 05542/ 981 230 

    Gesamthochschule Universität Paderborn  
    Abteilung Soest 
    Fachbereich Landbau 
    Windmühlenweg 25 
    59494 Soest / Westfalen 
    Tel.: 02921 / 37 82 11 Fax: 02921 / 378200 


Adresses from former Students´Associations  
    Bundesverband der Agraringenieure BAI e. V.  
    Vorsitzender Heinz Heber 
    Bachstr. 45 
    24392 Süderbrarup 
    Tel.: 04641 / 617 


Universities  

Admission Requirements  
    - Fachabitur (special higher education exam, specialised university entrance qualification) from a specialised secondary technical school or a Fachhochschule 
    or 
    - Abitur (general higher education exam, general university entrance qualification) from a general secondary school 
    and 
    - practical training of six or twelve months in some faculties. 

Length and Structure of Courses  
 By virtue of their structure and content, the agricultural study programmes give a very broad picture of the various facets of agriculture and lead to a great variety of professional activities. They include the natural sciences as well as engineering subjects, economics and sociology, theoretical as well as experimental work. 

 The regular length of studies (Regelstudienzeit) is 9 semesters, 8 semesters for courses and one semester for examinations and the thesis. Due to various reasons, the actual length of studies tends, however, to be more close to 11 or 12 semesters. 

 The study programme is divided into two main sections: the first four semesters, which are called Grundstudium (Basic Studies) and the section of semester five to eight, which is called Hauptstudium (Main Studies). 

Grundstudium (Basic Studies) 
 The basic studies are organized very similarly in all agricultural faculties of Germany due to a common concept for the study programme in order to make transfers between universities easier. The first year courses are usually in the basic subjects of chemistry, botany, zoology, anatomy and physiology of farm animals, national economics, physics, mathematics and statistics. 

 The courses of the second year consist of the introductory agricultural courses , i. e.. introduction to plant production, to animal production and to agricultural economics and rural sociology, as well as of some specific fields such as soil science and agricultural engineering. 

 After the first year and after the second year, the students are examined  in these fields. After these examinations the student has achieved the so-called Vordiplom (mid-examination) to finish the Grundstudium. 

Hauptstudium (Main Studies) 
 For the main studies, the student must decide on his choice of specialisation. Almost all agricultural faculties offer at least the three special study programmes of 

    - plant production (plant sciences) 
    - animal production (animal sciences) and 
    - agricultural economics and rural sociology. 
 Some faculties have in addition special programmes such as 
    - general agriculture (Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) 
    - international agriculture (Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) 
    - natural protection and landscape ecology (Rhein. Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn) 
    - environmental protection and development of rural land resources (Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen) 
    - agriculture and environment (Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen) 
    - agricultural engineering (Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart) 
    - tropical agricultural sciences (Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart) 
    - landscape development (Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel) 
    - dairy science (Technische Universität München - Weihenstephan) 
    - land utilization and environment (Technische Universität München - Weihenstephan) 
 The phase of main studies is concluded by the examinations for the Diplomprüfung (“Diplom“ examination) and the Diplomarbeit (final thesis). The Diplom examination is the first state examination for future state officers. 

Practical Training  
 At least six months of practical training in farms or in agricultural industries are required (twelve months for Göttingen and München-Weihenstephan) before the completion of the Diplom. The faculties have different regulations as to when and how many months of practical training have to be demonstrated and certified. In many cases, practical training and experience abroad can be acknowledged at least to a certain extent. 

 For positions in the public agricultural administration, a twelve-months practical training is a prerequisite. Also for many other positions it is favourable to have more than the minimum of six months of practical training. Many students even have completed a full apprenticeship of two years in an agricultural profession. 

Contributory Research Work  
 The aim of the Diplomarbeit (final thesis) is to prove that the student is able to approach a problem independently and to work on it by scientific methods in order to get solutions. The field for the final thesis can be chosen among the compulsory or optional subjects in the study programme. The thesis has to be finished in a time period of between three and six months. The thesis constitutes a very important part of the study programme and carries a heavy weight for the point average of the “Diplom“examination. 

European Dimension 
 There are optional foreign language classes available at the universities. It depends on the specific faculty whether credits for the agricultural study programme can be earned in these language courses. All German students have to do modern languages during their secondary school education. Since there are quite a number of exchange programmes, even on the level of secondary school, and since they travel a lot, anyway, they usually have quite a good knowledge of foreign languages, when they enter university study programmes. In the European exchange programmes that are exploited by most faculties, they have further chances, to extend their language and agricultural experiences beyond the borders of Germany. 

 The traditional enthusiasm of German students for the European idea is, of course, also enhanced by the very subject of agricultural study programmes, the agricultural policy which since quite some time is a European subject. 

Grade / Title of Diploma / Degree 
 Graduates of the agricultural study programmes at German universities earn the degree of Diplom-Agraringenieur (Dipl.-Ing. agr.), which is considered to be equivalent to a Master of Science in Agriculture. 

Further Study 
 After graduation an agricultural engineer may pursue further studies, either in specialist courses which serve as training for jobs in specific fields or in a doctor programme. 

 There are quite a number of specialist courses (Aufbaustudium) offered usually with lengths from two to four semesters. Most are on ecological topics, agricultural information science, plant protection, tropical agriculture and agricultural management. The objective is to top up the more generalised first degree studies in agricultural sciences. Most courses do not lead to an additional or more advanced academic degree, but only to a certificate for the course programme. However, some faculties do confer a Master degree. 

 The doctoral programme in German universities consists mainly of the research work for the dissertation, there are only very few courses given specifically for doctoral students. It will take between about three and five years for an agricultural engineer to complete his doctoral programme. Usually, the doctoral students are financed on a part time basis, funding is usually provided by different research funds outside of the university on the basis of successful application for the research project. The doctoral student has to submit his dissertation and, if : it is good enough for successfully passing, he will have to pass either an examination in three subjects (Rigorosum) or he has to defend his thesis in a scientific disputation. The doctor degree earned is slightly different for the faculties, but usually something like Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Doctor scientiarum agrariarum, Dr. sc. agr.) or Doctor of Agricultural Sciences. 

 For state officers in agriculture a special training course is mandatory (Referendariat). It takes two years or two years and a half and leads to the so called second state examination which is a prerequisite for higher level agricultural officers in public administration, especially for the official extension service, for agricultural teachers and similar positions. 

Employment Market 
 The broad education of agricultural engineers in natural sciences, engineering, economics and social sciences gives them the possibility to work in a great variety of positions. The proportion of agricultural engineers from universities who have their own farms and work on them, is reducing since quite some time. In general, the number of graduates is too high for the shrinking sector of agriculture in Germany. Therefore, there are problems to find a job after graduation. 

 A quite extensive study of graduates of Hohenheim University Stuttgart is summarised in the following table. It shows that still quite a number of graduates works in the public administration in various fields. 

 With respect to the shrinking possibilities it has to be stressed and must always be emphasised in the public that agricultural engineers are really the only group of professionals who are trained to manage natural bio-ressources. 

Fields of activity of agricultural graduates 1984 to 1993 
of Hohenheim University Stuttgart * 
(number of graduates responded:1025) 
 
Activity  Percentage:
Universities 16,7 %
Research and analytical laboratories  4,2 %
Teaching and continued education 4,9 %
State administration in agriculture  11,9 %
State administratin in environmental sector 4,6 %
Other public administration  0,6 %
Industry (input)  16,1 %
Practical agriculture 12,6 %
Product technology and trade 8,1 %
Waste management 1,0 %
Associations 9,5 %
Other service enterprises 11,1 %
Agricultural development organisations  3,5 %
Not working 9,0 %
Out of job  5,0%
 Total is over 100%. 

* Bischoff, W., 1994: Berufliche Tätigkeiten Hohenheimer Diplom-Agraringenieure und Diplom-Agrarbiologen. Polycopy. Zentrale Studienberatung der Universität Hohenheim Stuttgart. 

Addresses of Universities 

    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 
    Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät 
    Invalidenstr. 42 
    10115 Berlin 
    Tel.: 030 / 2897 2208  Fax: 030 / 2897 2203 

    Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 
    Landwirtschaftliche Fakultät 
    Meckenheimer Allee 174 
    53115 Bonn 1 
    Tel.: 0228/ 732869  Fax: 0228 /733146 

    Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen 
    Fachbereich Agrarwissenschaften und Umweltsicherung 
    Bismarckstr. 24 
    35390 Giessen 
    Tel.: 0641 / 7029670  Fax: 0641 / 702969 

    Georg-August-Universität Göttingen 
    Fachbereich Agrarwissenschaften 
    Am Vogelsang 6 
    37075 Göttingen 
    Tel.: 0551 / 395532  Fax: 0551 / 396034 

    Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg 
    Landwirtschaftliche Fakultät 
    Ludwig-Wucherer-Str. 2 
    06108 Halle /S. 
    Tel.: 0345/ 818 200  Fax: 0345 / 2029564 

    Universität Leipzig 
    Studienprogramm Agrarwissenschaften (new students are not accepted) 
    Johannisallee 21 
    04103 Leipzig 
    Tel.: 0341 / 9738 500  Fax: 0341 / 9738599 

    Universität Hohenheim 
    Agrarwissenschaften I und II 
    Schloß - Speisemeistereiflügel 
    70593 Stuttgart 
    Tel.: 0711 / 459 2322  Fax: 0711 / 4592785 

    Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel 
    Agrarwissenschaftliche Fakultät 
    Olshausenstr. 40 
    24098 Kiel 
    Tel.: 0421 / 882591  Fax: 0431/ 8802588 

    Technische Universität München - Weihenstephan 
    Fakultät für Landwirtschaft und Gartenbau 
    85350 Freising 
    Tel.:08161 / 71 32 58  Fax: 08161 / 71 39 00 

     Universität Rostock 
    Agrarwissenschaftliche Fakultät 
    Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6 
    18051 Rostock 
    Tel.: 0381 / 4983398  Fax: 0381 / 4983399 


Addresses of Former Students´Oganisations 
    Verband Deutscher Akademiker für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Landespflege e. V. (VDL) 
    Godesberger Allee 142 - 148 
    53175 Bonn 
    Tel.: 0228 / 3767 11  Fax: 0228 / 37 32 60

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